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Description
Silk threads are produced by silkworms as protection during their metamorphosis from caterpillar to moth. The fibers can be removed from the cocoon before the moth emerges, cleaned, the sericin removed, and used to weave silk fabrics. Silk is made up of two protein chains called fibroin, linked by sericin, a rubber-like protein. Both proteins, fibroin and sericin, contain the same 18 amino acids, but they differ in structure: fibroin has a crystalline structure and a high molecular weight, making it insoluble in water. Silk proteins contain a high proportion of glycine, which allows them to bind water easily.
Properties and applications of silk
In cosmetics, silk is associated with different qualities depending on its application: on the skin it creates a smooth, silky appearance, while in hair care it acts as a strengthening agent. The versatility of silk fibers and their wide range of applications make silk an extremely attractive material. Silk is composed of the amino acids serine, alanine and glycine, which form beta-pleated sheets. The high content of glycine (50%), the smallest amino acid, allows for the tightly packed fibers that are strong and resistant to stretching, which is a result of peptide bonds.
Hydrolysis and modification of silk
Silk can be hydrolyzed like other proteins and adapted to different functions. Hydrolysates can be modified to increase adhesion, similar to quaternized proteins, or condensed with fatty acids to alter their surface activity. Further reaction of the condensate with an alkaline material results in salts that can be used as mild surfactants.
Protein hydrolysates
Protein hydrolysates are commonly used to improve hydration, elasticity and firmness, while creating a soft and silky feel on the skin and hair. They form a durable film on the surface of the hair and skin.
Silk Hydrolysate is ideal for aqueous formulations that are intended to improve hydration, it does not contain preservatives or parabens, which makes it suitable for products without harmful additives. When formulating, Silk Hydrolysate should be added during the aqueous phase, which allows easy incorporation into different types of products, such as skin and hair care products.
